Water spinach has great potential as a purifier of aquatic habitats. Contamination with thermotolerant coliforms (ThC) or protozoan bacteria with fecal origin, are very likely when the water spinach is planted in wastewater fed urban systems. The infection can be prevented by proper preparation such as frying or boiling. buski in humans through water spinach can be anticipated. Infections in the Mekong regions resulted from feeding on water spinach. Pigs in southeast Asia are a natural reservoir for the parasite Fasciolopsis buski. Many of the waters where water spinach grows are fed by domestic or other waste. †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. There are also studies suggesting that the species is native to Africa, and it is debated whether it is part of African indigenous flora or whether it was introduced there by Chinese mariner Zheng He. aquatica as being "a strange vegetable of the south" with a foreign origin brought over by "western countries." The claim for an Indian origin is based on the presence of the old name kalamba for the plant in Sanskrit, presumed to be from around 200 BC, but this is putative. aquatica in Chinese records is in the Nanfang Caomu Zhuang written by the Chinese botanist Ji Han (AD 263-307).
However, these claims have no supporting evidence other than the appearance of the plant's name in historical records. Several sources have also cited China or India as the location of the plant's domestication. This is supported by phylogenetic studies, its ideal climatic conditions, and the number of native pathogens in the region as well as its predominant cultivation range, the prevalence in usage as food and traditional medicine, and the number of distinct native names in Southeast Asian languages. The origin of Ipomoea aquatica is not quite clear, but it is generally believed to be native to Southeast Asia and was first cultivated there. In Tamil–speaking parts of South India and Sri Lanka, this spinach is known as vallal ( வள்ளல்). It is known as kōngxīncài ( 空心菜) in Mandarin, ong choy ( 蕹菜) in Cantonese and in Hawaii, and tung choi ( 通菜) in modern Cantonese. It is also known as water spinach, river spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus, or by the more ambiguous names Chinese spinach, Chinese watercress, Chinese convolvulus or swamp cabbage. Ipomoea aquatica is widely known as kangkong (also spelled kangkung), its common name in Maritime Southeast Asia, which possibly originates from Hokkien kháng ( 孔 'hole') + khong ( 空 'empty, hollow'). Propagation is either by planting cuttings of the stem shoots, which will root along nodes, or by planting the seeds from flowers that produce seed pods. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 3–5 cm (1–2 in) in diameter, and usually white in colour with a mauve centre. The leaves vary from typically sagittate (arrow head-shaped) to lanceolate, 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 2–8 cm (0.8–3 in) broad. Its stems are 2–3 metres (7–10 ft) or longer, rooting at the nodes, and they are hollow and can float. Ipomoea aquatica grows in water or on moist soil. It grows abundantly near waterways and requires little to no care.
It is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia. aquatica is generally believed to have been first domesticated in Southeast Asia. Ipomoea aquatica, widely known as water spinach, is a semi- aquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots.
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